The UK is now an Avian Influenza Prevention Zone (AIPZ). The zone is in place following rising cases of bird flu and went into effect on January 25 in England and Scotland. ‘Bird gatherings’ across the UK must not take place.
The first case of highly pathogenic avian influenza (HPAI) H5N5 of the current outbreak was confirmed in England on November 5 of 2024.
As of this current outbreak, the first case of HPAI H5N1 was confirmed in England and Scotland on 17 November 2024 and 10 January 2025, respectively. H1N1 and H5N5 are differing strains of bird flu. The key differences between them are how severely they impact the immune system.
Biosecurity surveillance has shown that avian influenza is currently spreading amongst wild birds as well as domesticated animals.
In Scotland, avian influenza outbreak has been identified within Falkirk. Locations pinpointed were Falkirk’s famous ‘The Kelpies’ attraction and The Helix park. Ducks and swans are thought to be the vectors of the virus at the two sites.
Falkirk Council said it was “monitoring and responding” and that: “The risk to the public remains low, but we urge residents to follow the guidance in place.
“Dog owners should keep their pets away from dead or sick birds and be mindful that while dogs are not at direct risk, walking through contaminated areas can spread the virus to other locations, particularly where domestic birds may be present.
“If you come across dead or visibly sick birds in public areas, please do not touch them and report sightings to Defra”.
What Are The Risks?
A case of animal-to-human transmission was confirmed in the West Midlands in January. At this juncture, the risks of acquiring avian influenza are most severe on animal farms. The risk to the rest of the public is low at this time.
From December 2024 to February 2025, around 1.8 million birds have been methodically killed due to outbreaks. This was carried out in order to mitigate spread.
Researchers at The Lancet have commented on the pandemic potential of an infectious disease such as bird flu. The medical journal has outlined that: “For avian influenza viruses to cross the species barrier and become pandemic, they must become transmissible between and be able to replicate efficiently in humans.”
A 2024 study explains how compounding factors like climate change and biodiversity loss could fuel another pandemic. Other research also suggests that factors like industrial animal agriculture can be breeding grounds for mutations to viruses like avian influenza.
The UK’s Chief Veterinary Officer, Christine Middlemiss, said: “Following the continued increasing number of bird flu cases across England, particularly in areas of concentrated poultry farming, we are now extending housing measures further.
“The AIPZs will be in place until further notice and will be kept under regular review as part of the government’s work to monitor and manage the risks of avian influenza.”
Feature Image Credit: Geograph Britain and Ireland
MA International Journalism, with a passion for animal, climate and political issues
